Gabriel is a five-year-old boy who was born with a congenital heart defect called Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS). The typical course of treatment is a three-stage surgical palliation in order to survive on a single ventricle circulation. Gabriel endured his first open-heart surgery at a week old and his second surgery at four months old. He had his final palliative surgery called the Fontan when he was three. Unfortunately, his post-Fontan course brought many complications and long hospital stays. One of his complications has been life-threatening heart arrhythmias that required an open-chest pacemaker with an internal defibrillator, which has shocked him several times and saved his... Read more